operating a computer

OPERATING A COMPUTER
Level of Difficulty: Beginner

This procedure attempts to outline the basics in operating a computer system based on the assumption that it is running under the Microsoft Windows XP Operating System platform with normal components such as CD or DVD drive, Network Interface Card, and video card installed in the CPU. The steps outlined are formatted in such a way that it is applicable to the two most common computer system architectures: the desktop and the laptop. Essentially, a desktop computer is just what its name suggests. It is big enough to sit on the desk and is considered as the most common type of computer system. A laptop or sometimes referred to as a “notebook” is a smaller and more mobile version of the desktop machine and is normally used in the same manner but with relatively lower power requirements.

How to Operate a Computer ?

Materials Needed:
– CPU
– keyboard
– monitor
– mouse
– speakers
– printer
– Operating System
STEPS TO FOLLOW

Step 1
Prior to powering up the computer system, make sure that the power cord is firmly connected to the back panel of the CPU and is plugged into the wall socket.
Step 2
Check if the video cable is firmly screwed to the port of the video card with the other end connected to the back panel of the monitor.
Step 3
Make sure that both the keyboard and mouse pointing device are securely plugged to the back panel. Also, check if they are connected to the correct port by checking on the markings. Steps 1 to 3 are essentially easy to do because aside from the mouse and keyboard devices, other components can only be plugged into their proper ports preventing the novice user from interchanging them.
Step 4
When all connections are secure, start up the machine by pressing the power button normally located in the front panel of the CPU.
Step 5
Depending on the configuration of the machine, a username and password may be requested; otherwise, the Operating System may be loaded directly to display the desktop to the user.
Step 6
Other basic operations that can be done include adjusting monitor settings in Step 8. Installation and launching of software is outlined in Step 10. Navigation of the file system is detailed from Step 15.
Step 7
The proper way to shut down or turn off the computer system is by clicking on the ‘Start’ button and choosing the ‘Turn Off Computer’ option. This will display the options to ‘Standby’, ‘Restart’, or ‘Turn Off’ the machine.
Step 8
To adjust the monitor settings, right click on any blank portion of the desktop and select the ‘Properties’ option from the context menu.
Step 9
On the ‘Display Properties’ window, select the ‘Settings’ tab to adjust the resolution of the screen. The ‘Themes’ tab will allow the loading of pre-designed Windows themes. The ‘Desktop’ tab provides the way for changing the color of the desktop as well as the displayed wallpaper. The ‘Appearance’ tab provides the various options of changing the behavior of the windows, icons, and other elements of the platform, while the ‘Screen Saver’ tab shows the option to allow the monitor to go on standby or display animation.
Step 10
To extend the functionality of any computer system, software is normally installed into the local hard drive. A software installer may be through some media like a CD or DVD or from being downloaded from the Internet.
Step 11
For CD or DVD installers, insert the installation disk in the CD or DVD drive of the machine. This will be automatically read and launched by the Operating System.
Step 12
When the installation process is initiated, a new window will normally be displayed to the user. Majority of newer installers provide either a default or an advanced installation procedure. In most cases, simply click on the default process to allow the installer to complete the entire process with minimum user intervention.
Step 13
Upon completion of the installation process, a user may be prompted to reboot the machine. Follow the guide in Step 7 to accomplish this task.
Step 14
To launch the software, simply click on the ‘Start’ Menu, choose ‘All Programs’ and select from the menu the program intended to be run. An alternative to this process is to check if a shortcut link is created on the Desktop. Clicking this icon will also launch the associated program.

ALAN TURING

ALAN MATHISON TURING
Alan Turing was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, computer scientist, mathematical biologist, and marathon and ultra- distance runner. Alan Turing is widely known as
the “Father of Theoretical Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence”
BORN AND DIED
Alan Turing was born on June 23,1912 at Maida Vale, London, England and he died on June 7,1954
at the age of 41.
EDUCATION:
Turing studied mathematics at Cambridge University, and subsequently taught there, working in the burgeoning World of Quantum Mechanics. In 1934 he graduated with an outstanding degree in mathematics. In 1936, he went to Princeton University in America, he later returned to England in 1938.

WORK EXPERIENCE:
Alan Turing was a British mathematician , cryptographer, and computer scientist. (Unable to find the dates and employers). During his school life, however, he was a runner.
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS:
Alan Turing was awarded an OBE for his wartime services . He was awarded the OBE in 1945 for services to the country in wartime, despite the fact that most of what he did would not be made public for another 30 years. Alan Turing’s war work is believed to have shortened the war – Many people, including Winston Churchill, claimed that Turing’s work shortened the Second World War by at least two years.
ACTIVITIES AND INTERESTS:
Turing secretly worked part-time for the British Cryptanalytic Department, Government Code, and went Cypher school.
INTERESTING FACTS:
~He developed a concept known as the Turing Machine which states that automatic computation cannot solve all mathematical problems.
~Alan Turing was a homosexual, and in that time it was a felony. To avoid prison, he accepted injections of oestrogen for a year, which were intended to neutralize his libido (cancel out his sexual instinct). In the sixth grade, he fell in love with a boy by the name of Christopher Morcom, and was prosecuted
~He worked on several pioneering projects for computers after the war, he developed instruction sets and programs whose descendants are found today in the latest computer microprocessors. This brought a whole new meaning to code.
~Our mixed ages of 14, 14, and 13 add up to the age he died, at the age of 41.

charles babbage
(December 26, 1791- October 18, 1871)
• Die in Marylebone, United Kingdom
• Born in Teignmouth, United Kingdom
• Education: University of Cambridge,Peterhouse, Cambridge, Trinity College, Cambridge
• Charles Babbage, FRS was an English polymath. He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer.

BUT FIRST WHAT IS COMPUTER?

A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHARLES BABBAGE
Charles Babbage only found the computer.He made theDifference and Analytical engines that now run the computer.Just the thing is that now they are very small.

ADDITION :
The calculating engines of English mathematician Charles Babbage (1791-1871) are among the most celebrated icons in the prehistory of computing. Babbage’s Difference Engine No.1 was the first successful automatic calculator and remains one of the finest examples of precision engineering of the time. Babbage is sometimes referred to as “father of computing.” The International Charles Babbage Society (later the Charles Babbage Institute) took his name to honor his intellectual contributions and their relation to modern computers.